The Google logo is using a Baskerville font. The color scheme is the primary colors. But they wanted to add a secondary color to show that they don't always follow the rules.
The other logos they have had are modeled after some competitors such as Yahoo!. Google also has changed the yellow color a few times in the past so it would look more orange than bright yellow.
The past modifications are:
In 1998, Sergey Brin created a computerized version of the Google letters using the free graphics programGIMP. The typeface was changed and an exclamation mark was added, mimicking the Yahoo! logo. "There were a lot of different color iterations", says Ruth Kedar, the graphic designer who developed the now-famous logo. "We ended up with the primary colors, but instead of having the pattern go in order, we put a secondary color on the L, which brought back the idea that Google doesn't follow the rules."
In 2010, the Google logo received its first major and permanent overhaul since May 31, 1999. The new logo was first previewed on November 8, 2009, and was officially launched on May 6, 2010. It utilises an identical typeface to the previous logo, but the "o" is distinctly more orange-colored in place of the previously more yellowish "o", as well as a much more subtle shadow rendered in a different shading style. On September 19, 2013, Google introduced a new "flat" (two-dimensional) logo with a slightly altered color palette. The old 2010 Google logo is still used on some pages, such as the Google Doodles page.
From time to time, Google shows a special colorless logo on a local homepage in recognition of a major tragedy, often for several days. The design was apparently first used on the Google Poland homepage following the air disaster that killed, among others, Polish President Lech Kaczyński in April 2010. A few days later, the logo was used in China and Hong Kong to pay respects to the victims of the Qinghai earthquake.
Google Doodles have been used for holidays, important anniversaries (Googles anniversary, Lego's 50th, and others), famous birthdays (Andy Warhol, Leonardo di Vinci, Albert Einstein, and more), and major events (The Olympics). Though Google Doodles don't follow the trend of brand management that says a logo must be respected and used correctly at all times. A constantly changing logo was thought to reduce brand equity. That holds true for many brands, but NOT Google. Google does this successfully because Google has been noted for constant interactive engagement that attracts the public and viewer interest.
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